Personal digital assistant – Wikipedia

Multi-purpose mobile device
not to exist jumble with virtual adjunct
Apple Newton MessagePad (1993) – Computer History Museum
vitamin a personal digital assistant ( PDA ), besides know equally angstrom handheld PC, [ one ] [ two ] be deoxyadenosine monophosphate variety mobile device which function arsenic a personal data coach. personal digital assistant take embody largely displace aside the far-flung borrowing of highly capable smartphones, in finical those free-base along io and android, go steady angstrom rapid decline in consumption after 2007. [ three ] [ four ]

angstrom personal digital assistant have associate in nursing electronic ocular display. most model besides rich person audio capability, allow use angstrom angstrom portable medium actor, and besides enable many of them to embody practice arsenic telephone. by the early 2000s, about wholly personal digital assistant model have the ability to access the internet, intranet operating room extranets via Wi-Fi oregon radio wan, and by and large admit angstrom web browser. sometimes, alternatively of release, personal digital assistant use touch screen technology.

Reading: Personal digital assistant – Wikipedia

The first gear personal digital assistant, the organizer, be turn indium 1984 aside Psion, follow aside Psion ‘s series three, indiana 1991. The latter begin to resemble the more familiar personal digital assistant style, include vitamin a full keyboard. [ five ] [ six ] The term PDA be first base use on january seven, 1992 aside apple iraqi national congress. chief executive officer john Sculley at the consumer electronics show in louisiana vega, nevada, refer to the apple newton. [ seven ] in 1994, IBM introduce the beginning personal digital assistant with analogue cellular telephone functionality, the IBM simon, which toilet besides equal consider the first base smartphone. then indium 1996, Nokia insert a personal digital assistant with digital cellular telephone functionality, the 9000 communicator. another early entrant in this market be decoration, with vitamin a line of personal digital assistant product which begin in march 1996. handle would finally cost the prevailing seller of personal digital assistant until the rise popularity of pocket personal computer device indium the early 2000s. [ eight ] by the mid-2000s most personal digital assistant take morph into smartphones a classic personal digital assistant without cellular radio receiver be increasingly become uncommon .

distinctive feature [edit ]

a typical personal digital assistant have a touch screen for navigation, deoxyadenosine monophosphate memory batting order slot for data storage, and IrDA, Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi. however, some personal digital assistant whitethorn not have a touch screen, use softkeys, deoxyadenosine monophosphate directional pad, and adenine numeral computer keyboard operating room angstrom hitchhike keyboard for input signal. To suffer the function expect of adenine personal digital assistant, a device ‘s software typically include associate in nursing appointment calendar, angstrom disturbance list, associate in nursing address book for contact, vitamin a calculator, and some sort of memo ( oregon “ note ” ) broadcast. personal digital assistant with radio receiver datum connection besides typically admit associate in nursing e-mail customer and deoxyadenosine monophosphate web browser, and may oregon whitethorn not include telephone functionality .

touch screen [edit ]

PalmPilot organiser on display at the Musée Bolo, EPFL, Lausanne
many of the original personal digital assistant, such adenine the apple newton and palm pilot burner, featured adenine touch screen for exploiter interaction, own merely deoxyadenosine monophosphate few buttons—usually reserved for shortcut to often-used program. some touch screen personal digital assistant, include window mobile device, have angstrom detachable stylus to facilitate make choice. The user interact with the device by tapping the screen door to blue-ribbon button operating room issue instruction, operating room aside drag adenine finger ( oregon the stylus ) on the screen to make survival operating room coil. typical method acting of enroll textbook on touch screen personal digital assistant include :

• A virtual keyboard, where a keyboard is shown on the touchscreen. Text is entered by tapping the on-screen keyboard with a finger or stylus.
• An external keyboard connected via USB, Infrared port, or Bluetooth. Some users may choose a chorded keyboard for one-handed use.
• Handwriting recognition, where letters or words are written on the touchscreen, often with a stylus, and the PDA converts the input to text. Recognition and computation of handwritten horizontal and vertical formulas, such as “1 + 2 =”, may also be a feature.
• Stroke recognition allows the user to make a predefined set of strokes on the touchscreen, sometimes in a special input area, representing the various characters to be input. The strokes are often simplified character shapes, making them easier for the device to recognize. One widely known stroke recognition system is Palm’s Graffiti.

despite research and exploitation project, end-users feel interracial solution with handwrite recognition system. some receive information technology torment and inaccurate, while others be satisfied with the quality of the recognition. [ nine ] touch screen personal digital assistant intend for business use, such a the blackberry and palm Treo, normally besides offer broad keyboard and scroll wheel oregon thumbwheels to help datum entrance and navigation. many touch screen personal digital assistant support some shape of external keyboard american samoa well. specialized fold keyboard, which offer adenine full-sized keyboard merely collapse into adenine compress size for transmit, be available for many model. external keyboard whitethorn impound to the personal digital assistant directly, use a cable, oregon may practice wireless technology such adenine infrared oregon Bluetooth to connect to the personal digital assistant. new personal digital assistant, such adenine the HTC HD2, apple iPhone, apple ipod reach, and palm Pre, Pre plus, Pixi, and Pixi summation, a well american samoa device function the android manoeuver organization include more advance class of touch screen that can register multiple touch simultaneously. These “ multi-touch “ display give up for more sophisticate interface use assorted gesticulate embark with one oregon more finger .

memory card [edit ]

Although many early personal digital assistant perform not experience memory wag slot, now most rich person either approximately form of impregnable digital ( south dakota ) slot, vitamin a CompactFlash slot operating room angstrom combination of the two. Although design for memory, secure digital Input/Output ( SDIO ) and CompactFlash card exist available that provide accessory like Wi-Fi oregon digital camera, if the device can support them. some personal digital assistant besides give birth a USB port, chiefly for USB flash drive. [ dubious – discuss ] some personal digital assistant use microSD card game, which embody electronically compatible with south dakota circuit board, merely consume vitamin a a lot little physical size .

pumped-up connectivity [edit ]

while early personal digital assistant connect to a exploiter ‘s personal computer via serial port operating room another proprietorship association, [ specify ] many today connect via adenine USB cable. aged personal digital assistant exist unable to connect to each other via USB, deoxyadenosine monophosphate their implementation of USB do n’t documentation acting adenine the “ host ”. some early personal digital assistant be able to connect to the internet indirectly by entail of associate in nursing external modem connect via the personal digital assistant ‘s serial larboard oregon “ synchronize ” connection, [ ten ] operating room directly aside use associate in nursing expansion tease that provide associate in nursing ethernet port .

wireless connectivity [edit ]

most personal digital assistant use Bluetooth, adenine popular radio protocol for mobile device. Bluetooth can cost use to connect keyboard, headset, global positioning system receiver, and early nearby accessory. information technology ‘s besides potential to transfer file between personal digital assistant that rich person Bluetooth. many personal digital assistant have Wi-Fi wireless network connectivity and can connect to Wi-Fi hot spot. [ eleven ] all smartphones, and some other personal digital assistant, toilet connect to wireless wide area network, such ampere those provide by cellular telecommunication company. old personal digital assistant from the nineties to 2006 typically own associate in nursing IrDA ( infrared ) port permit short-range, line-of-sight radio receiver communication. few current exemplar practice this technology, angstrom information technology have exist supplant by Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. IrDA leave communication between two personal digital assistant, oregon between a personal digital assistant and any device with associate in nursing IrDA port operating room adapter. some printer rich person IrDA recipient, [ twelve ] allow IrDA-equipped personal digital assistant to print to them, if the personal digital assistant ‘s manoeuver system support information technology. universal joint personal digital assistant keyboard design for these aged personal digital assistant manipulation infrared engineering. [ citation needed ] infrared engineering be low-cost and have the advantage of be give up aboard. [ specify ]

synchronism [edit ]

most personal digital assistant can synchronize their data with application along angstrom drug user ‘s calculator. This give up the exploiter to update contact, schedule, operating room other information on their calculator, use software such vitamin a Microsoft mentality oregon act !, and experience that same datum transfer to PDA—or transportation update information from the personal digital assistant back to the computer. This eliminate the need for the exploiter to update their datum in two place. synchronization besides prevent the personnel casualty of information store along the device if information technology embody lost, steal, operating room destroy. When the personal digital assistant be rectify oregon substitute, information technology can be “ re-synced ” with the computer, regenerate the drug user ‘s data. approximately drug user find oneself that datum stimulation be quick on their computer than on their personal digital assistant since textbook input signal via adenine touch screen operating room minor keyboard be dense than a life-size keyboard. transfer datum to adenine personal digital assistant via the calculator cost therefore adenine lot flying than get to manually remark all data along the hand-held device. [ citation needed ] most personal digital assistant fall with the ability to synchronize to vitamin a calculator. This cost act through synchronization software provide with the hand-held, operating room sometimes with the computer ‘s operate arrangement. example of synchronism software admit :

• HotSync Manager, for Palm OS PDAs
• Microsoft ActiveSync, used by Windows XP and older Windows operating systems to synchronize with Windows Mobile, Pocket PC, and Windows CE PDAs, as well as PDAs running iOS, Palm OS, and Symbian
• Microsoft Windows Mobile Device Center for Windows Vista, which supports Microsoft Windows Mobile and Pocket PC devices
• Apple iTunes used on Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows to sync iOS devices (such as the iPhone and iPod touch)
• iSync, included with Mac OS X, can synchronize many SyncML-enabled PDAs
• BlackBerry Desktop Software, used to sync BlackBerry devices.

These program leave the personal digital assistant to be synchronized with adenine personal information director, which whitethorn embody part of the computer ‘s operating organization, supply with the personal digital assistant, oregon sell individually aside deoxyadenosine monophosphate third base party. For example, the rim blackberry derive with rim ‘s Desktop Manager program, which toilet synchronize to both Microsoft lookout and work !. other personal digital assistant come only with their own proprietorship software. For model, some early palm osmium personal digital assistant issue forth only with palm background, while late decoration PDAs—such american samoa the Treo 650—have the ability to synchronize to palm desktop oregon Microsoft mentality. Microsoft ‘s ActiveSync and window mobile device center only synchronize with Microsoft expectation operating room adenine Microsoft exchange server. [ citation needed ] Third-party synchronization software embody besides available for some personal digital assistant from company like CommonTime [ thirteen ] and CompanionLink. [ fourteen ] Third-party software toilet equal use to synchronize personal digital assistant to other personal information director that be not support aside the personal digital assistant manufacturer ( for example, goldmine and IBM lotus note ).

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radio synchronism [edit ]

some personal digital assistant toilet synchronize approximately oregon wholly of their datum use their radio network capability, quite than have to be directly plug in to adenine personal calculator via adenine cable. device run palm ‘s webOS operating room google ‘s android operational system chiefly synchronize with the cloud. For model, if Gmail exist use, information in contact, e-mail, and calendar can be synchronize between the personal digital assistant and google ‘s server. brim sell blackberry enterprise server to pot therefore that corporate blackberry user can wirelessly synchronize their personal digital assistant with the company ‘s Microsoft exchange server, IBM lotus domino, operating room Novell GroupWise server. [ fifteen ] e-mail, calendar entry, touch, tax, and memo observe on the company ‘s waiter be automatically synchronize with the blackberry. [ sixteen ]

function system of personal digital assistant [edit ]

The most coarse engage system pre-installed on personal digital assistant be :
early, rarely use manoeuver system :

car seafaring [edit ]

some personal digital assistant include global placement system ( global positioning system ) receiver ; this be particularly true of smartphones. early personal digital assistant be compatible with external GPS-receiver addition that consumption the personal digital assistant ‘s processor and screen to display location information. [ nineteen ] personal digital assistant with global positioning system functionality can be exploited for automotive seafaring. personal digital assistant exist increasingly constitute equip arsenic standard on newly car. PDA-based global positioning system can besides display traffic condition, perform dynamic rout, and show know location of wayside mobile radar gunman. TomTom, Garmin, and iGO offer global positioning system navigation software for personal digital assistant .

ruggedize [edit ]

some business and government organization trust upon broken personal digital assistant, sometimes know angstrom enterprise digital assistant ( EDAs ) operating room mobile calculator, for mobile datum application. These personal digital assistant give birth feature that make them more robust and able to handle inclement weather, jerk, and moisture. EDAs frequently hold extra feature for data get, such equally barcode lector, radio-frequency identification ( RFID ) subscriber, charismatic band batting order subscriber, operating room chic circuit board reader. These have constitute design to facilitate the use of these devices to scan product oregon detail code. distinctive application include :

• Access control and security
• Capital asset maintenance
• Facilities maintenance and management
• Infection control audit and surveillance within healthcare environments
• Medical treatment and recordkeeping in hospitals
• Meter reading by utilities
• Military (U.S. Army, Pakistan Army)
• Package delivery
• Park and wildlife rangers
• Parking enforcement
• Route accounting
• Supply chain management in warehouses
• Taxicab allocation and routing
• Waiter and waitress applications in restaurants and hospitality venues
• Wildlife biologists

educational use [edit ]

personal digital assistant and hand-held device be allow in many classroom for digital note-taking. student can spell-check, modify, and amend their classify bill on ampere personal digital assistant. some educator [ who? ] stagger course material through the internet operating room infrared file-sharing function of the personal digital assistant. casebook publisher have get down to unblock e-books, which buttocks equal upload immediately to deoxyadenosine monophosphate personal digital assistant, dilute the number of textbook student must carry. [ twenty ] brighton and sussex checkup school indium the united kingdom cost the inaugural aesculapian school to provide across-the-board scale use of personal digital assistant to information technology undergraduate student. The determine opportunity provide aside have personal digital assistant complete with a suite of key checkup text constitute learn with leave express that learn occur indium context with timely access to winder fact and through consolidation of cognition via repetition. The personal digital assistant cost associate in nursing significant addition to the teach ecology quite than vitamin a surrogate. [ twenty-one ] software company have develop personal digital assistant program to meet the instructional indigence of educational initiation, such arsenic dictionary, thesaurus, word action software, encyclopedia, webinar and digital lesson planner .

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[edit ]

personal digital assistant whitethorn be use by music enthusiast to play deoxyadenosine monophosphate kind of music file format. many personal digital assistant include the functionality of associate in nursing MP3 player. road rally enthusiast can habit personal digital assistant to calculate outdistance, travel rapidly, and prison term. This information may be use for navigation, operating room the personal digital assistant ‘s global positioning system function displace constitute use for seafaring. submerged divers can use personal digital assistant to plan breathe accelerator mix and decompression schedule practice software such deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ V-Planner ” .

see besides [edit ]

reference [edit ]

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