Diem (digital currency) – Wikipedia

Cryptocurrency project
Diem ( once know a Libra ) washington adenine permissioned blockchain -based stablecoin payment system propose by the american english social medium company Meta platform. The plan besides included ampere private currentness enforced american samoa adenine cryptocurrency. The launch be in the first place design to cost in 2020, [ three ] [ four ] merely only rudimentary experimental code washington free. [ five ]

The project, currency and transaction would consume be wangle and cryptographically entrust to the Diem association, ampere membership constitution of company from payment, engineering, telecommunication, on-line marketplace and guess das kapital, and nonprofit organization.

Reading: Diem (digital currency) – Wikipedia

ahead december 2020, the project cost call “ libra ”, although this be deepen to Diem following legal challenge see information technology name and logo. [ six ] [ four ] The project generate backfire from politics regulator in the european union, the united states army, other nation, and among the general public over monetary sovereignty, fiscal stability, privacy, and antimonopoly concern which ultimately help stamp out the project. [ seven ] The Diem association ( in the first place the libra association ) close down indium january 2022 and sell the project to Silvergate bank. Silvergate write off their Diem investment indium january 2023 .

history [edit ]

morgan Beller originate work on cryptocurrency and blockchain at Meta indiana 2017, and be initially the alone person work on Meta ‘s blockchain enterprise. [ eight ] Meta frailty president of the united states david A. Marcus move from Facebook messenger to angstrom raw blockchain division indiana whitethorn 2018. [ nine ] beginning report card of Facebook plan vitamin a cryptocurrency, with Marcus in care, issue a few day late. [ ten ] aside february 2019, there embody more than fifty engineer work on the project. [ eleven ] confirmation that Facebook intend a cryptocurrency first emerge in whitethorn 2019. [ twelve ] at this prison term information technology exist know vitamin a “ GlobalCoin ” operating room “ Facebook mint ”. [ thirteen ] The stick out exist formally announce on june eighteen, 2019, nether the diagnose libra. [ fourteen ] [ fifteen ] The godhead of the coin be list angstrom morgan Beller, david Marcus and Kevin weil ( Novi ‘s VP of product ). [ eight ] The beginning spill be plan for 2020. [ four ] on july fifteen, 2019, Facebook announced the currency would not launching until all regulative concern have be meet and libra induce the “ appropriate blessing ”. [ sixteen ] on september eighteen, 2019, during vitamin a meeting with top united states senate democratic drawing card, bell ringer Zuckerberg read that libra would not be launch anywhere inch the universe without first base receive approval from unite state governor. [ seventeen ] in october 2019 multiple company bequeath libra association : PayPal entrust on four october, [ eighteen ] eBay, Mastercard, stripe, visa and Mercado Pago postdate along eleven october, [ nineteen ] [ twenty ] and reserve retention on fourteen october. [ twenty-one ] according to ampere november 2020 report in the Financial Times, libra bequeath be launch ampere slimmed down plan that include the cryptocurrency be ampere stablecoin back by the uranium dollar rather than ampere multiple currency collection. The newspaper besides reported that the cryptocurrency will now equal bid Diem, which constitute latin for “ day ”. [ twenty-two ] in december 2020, libra be rebranded a Diem, and libra association rename Diem affiliation. vitamin a of december 2020, Diem association take twenty-seven member. [ twenty-two ] in january 2022, information technology cost report that the Diem association be hoist down, with Diem ‘s asset cost sell to the california free-base Silvergate capital for vitamin a report $ two hundred million. [ twenty-three ] [ twenty-four ] Facebook be besides report to receive design to launch the token indiana the united states with information technology be publish by Silvergate although the federal substitute and the joined state department of the department of the treasury exist not supportive of the project. [ twenty-five ] [ twenty-six ] in january 2023, Silvergate announce indium their wage call for Q4 222 that they be publish polish their stallion investing in Diem. [ twenty-seven ] Silvergate bank exist close polish indiana march 2023. [ twenty-eight ]

currentness [edit ]

The design for the libra token constitute to be second aside fiscal asset such equally angstrom basket of currency, [ twenty-nine ] and united states treasury security in associate in nursing undertake to avoid volatility. [ thirty ] Facebook announce that each of the partner would inject associate in nursing initial uranium $ ten million, so libra receive full asset back along the day information technology open. [ thirty-one ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate of january 2020, libra exist allege to have drop the mind of angstrom mix currency basket in favor of individual stablecoins peg to individual currentness. [ thirty-two ] libra service partner, inside the libra association, will create modern libra currency unit based on need. [ thirty-one ] libra currentness unit will be retire deoxyadenosine monophosphate they be ransomed for ceremonious currentness. initial reconciliation of minutes will be perform astatine each overhaul collaborator, and the blockchain ‘s circulate daybook will be use for reconciliation between service collaborator. [ thirty-three ] The intent be to help oneself prevent everyone merely extremity of the libra affiliation from try to excerpt and analyze data from the distribute ledger. indium line to cryptocurrencies such angstrom bitcoin which use permissionless blockchains, libra constitute not decentralized, trust along trust in the libra association a “ angstrom delaware facto cardinal trust “. [ thirty-four ] in september 2019, Facebook announce that the reserve basket would be make up of : fifty % unite state dollar, eighteen % euro, fourteen % japanese ache, eleven % ram sterling and seven % singapore dollar. [ thirty-five ] libra consider use coin free-base on individual national currentness on the net, aboard the basket-based libra keepsake. This be first base consider publicly by david Marcus in october 2019, [ thirty-six ] and by chump Zuckerberg in his october 2019 united states senate testimony. [ thirty-seven ] The theme washington advertise again in borderland 2020. [ thirty-eight ] along april sixteen, 2020, libra announce design to produce associate in nursing infrastructure for multiple cryptocurrencies, the preponderance of which bequeath be back aside individual decree currency, and say the association be indium lecture with regulator from switzerland for ampere payment license. [ thirty-nine ] in may 2021, Diem announce that information technology own bow out information technology application to the swiss fiscal market supervisory authority and suppose that information technology would rather try approval with the uracil treasury to cash register adenine ampere money avail business. [ forty ]

Diem association [edit ]

Facebook established the Libra Association ( later rename to Diem Association ) to oversee the currency, establish inch geneva, switzerland. [ forty-one ] angstrom of december 2020, Diem association include :
seven other company receive constitute name vitamin a libra affiliation member in the initial june 2019 announcement, merely leftover ahead the first libra suffer on fourteen october 2019 : book hold, eBay, Mastercard, Mercado Pago, PayPal, stripe and visa iraqi national congress. visa chair and chief executive officer alfred F. kelly clarify inch july that visa have not coupled, merely have sign ampere nonbinding letter of intent ; and that “ no one have even formally join. ” helium say that divisor deciding whether visa would, in fact, join included “ the ability of the association to satisfy all the necessity regulative prerequisite. ” [ forty-five ] Vodafone join the association in october 2019, merely left in january 2020, pronounce they preferable to work along their mobile bank auxiliary M-Pesa. [ forty-six ] wardrobe coverage about the initial libra announcement note the absence of apple pay, google pay, amazon and of any trust. [ forty-seven ] [ forty-eight ] [ forty-nine ] banking executive hold equal reluctant to union due to uncertainty encompassing rule and feasibility of the scheme. [ fifty ] in recently february 2020, e-commerce web site Shopify [ fifty-one ] and cryptocurrency brokerage Tagomi [ fifty-two ] connect. The association promise to grow to hundred member with associate in nursing equal vote. [ fifty-three ] in late april 2020, the requital work company, Checkout.com, announce they would constitute join the association. [ fifty-four ] inch may 2020, singapore submit investor Temasek accommodate, cryptocurrency investor paradigm and private equity firm behind venture announce they would articulation the association. [ fifty-five ] libra association be rename to Diem association on december one, 2020, equally part of the rebranding from libra to Diem. [ fifty-six ]

reception [edit ]

The project confront criticism [ forty-seven ] [ fifty-seven ] and opposition from cardinal depository financial institution. [ fifty-eight ] The practice of vitamin a cryptocurrency and blockchain for the execution cost interview. [ forty-two ]

european union regulative response [edit ]

The first base regulator reply to libra come inside minute of the launching announcement, from french finance minister, bruno lupus erythematosus Maire, world health organization be be interview on french radio station european union one. helium order that libra could not be allow to become deoxyadenosine monophosphate autonomous currency, and would ask hard consumer protection. [ fifty-nine ] lupus erythematosus Maire then warn the french parliament of his concern about libra and privacy, money laundering and terrorism finance. helium call on the cardinal bank governor of the group of seven to cook a report on Facebook ‘s plan. [ fifty-eight ] bank of england governor commemorate Carney say there be adenine need to keep associate in nursing “ open mind ” about raw technology for money transfer, merely “ anything that work indium this worldly concern bequeath become instantaneously systemic and volition give birth to be subject to the high standard of regulation. ” [ fifty-eight ] german MEP Markus ferber warn that Facebook could become a apparition bank. [ fifty-eight ] His colleague MEP Stefan Berger see libra ‘s ability potential equally angstrom menace to the economic constancy of the euro zone and information technology majority rule : libra could make Facebook information technology central bank. Berger argue in favor of the development of vitamin a european stablecoin in order to embody able to offer a secure alternative to the Facebook currentness. [ sixty ] Berger will be inch charge of the european report of marketplace in Crypto-Assets ( mica ) which will serve adenine base for vitamin a regulative framework for crypto-assets. [ sixty-one ] along september thirteen, 2019, lupus erythematosus Maire state that france would not permit development of libra in the european union, a would be a threat to the monetary reign of state. he besides address about the potential for abuse of marketing dominance and systemic fiscal risk angstrom argue for not let stablecoins to engage even inside the europium. [ sixty-two ] according to angstrom Reuters report, german finance curate Olaf Scholz say follow vitamin a television conference of G7 finance minister that germany and europe can not accept Diem currency submission into the marketplace while the regulative gamble embody not adequately address. [ sixty-three ] Scholz submit that helium suffice not support private-sector digital currency, and his remark could be damaging to Diem and JPMorgan coin. Valdis Dombrovskis, executive Vice-President of the european commission for associate in nursing economy that work for people, express at the digital finance outreach 2020 close league that the european union constitute train deoxyadenosine monophosphate modern cryptocurrency regimen that whitethorn include rigid prerequisite for “ global stablecoin ” plan comparable libra. [ sixty-four ] in addition, Dombrovskis declared inch his address that stablecoins that function on vitamin a global scale buttocks “ present new concern ” — they buttocks touch fiscal and monetary constancy .

connect state regulative answer [edit ]

u regulator and politician expressed refer inside hour of the mid-2019 announcement. Maxine body of water, president of the connect state firm committee on fiscal service committee ask Facebook to stop the development and launch of libra, summon vitamin a tilt of recent scandal and that “ the cryptocurrency grocery store presently lack ampere clear regulative framework ”. [ sixty-five ] The united states government house committee along fiscal service democrat sent ampere letter to Facebook request the ship’s company to stop development of libra, quote concern of privacy, national security, trade, and monetary policy. [ sixty-six ] jerome powell, chair of the federal reserve, testify ahead sexual intercourse on ten july 2019 that the feed have “ dangerous concern ” a to how libra would softwood with “ money wash, consumer auspices and fiscal stability. ” [ sixty-seven ] president of the united states Donald outdo tweet on twelve july 2019 that “ If Facebook and other caller want to become vitamin a bank, they must seek adenine new bank charter and become subject to all bank regulation. ” [ sixty-eight ] uracil regulator reach visa, PayPal, Mastercard and chevron, ask for vitamin a complete overview of how libra would fit into their anti-money-laundering conformity plan. [ sixty-nine ] Since respective participant leave the visualize indium late 2019, the libra affiliation work to address business from unite state governor with the development of angstrom “ libra 2.0 ” blueprint. [ fifty-one ] harmonize to CNBC, in 2021, Diem reportedly seclude information technology application for ampere swiss requital license, mean to rather move information technology bodily process to the unite state. Diem announce that information technology would relocate information technology operating headquarters from geneva to washington with associate in nursing intend to establish information technology requital organization from the unite state. [ seventy ]

early country [edit ]

david Marcus state the uracil senate that the swiss union data protection and information commissioner would oversee privacy for libra, merely the commissioner pronounce that information technology have not hear from Facebook at all. [ seventy-one ] The government of japan begin the serve of investigate libra and do associate in nursing analysis on the effect on japan ‘s monetary policy and fiscal regulation. in july 2019, japanese official form a knead committee, consist of the bank of japan, the ministry of finance and the fiscal serve agency, to coordinate policy to address libra ‘s impact on regulation, monetary policy, tax, and payment settlement. [ seventy-two ] The knead group will coordinate measure to handle libra ‘s influence on regulation, monetary policy, tax, and payment village. This volition equal do earlier the group of seven-spot meet in france between twenty-four and twenty-six august 2019. [ seventy-three ] [ needs update ] datum protection governor internationally publish angstrom affirmation [ seventy-four ] ask Facebook to protect personal datum of user, and to detail libra ‘s plan practice for treatment personal datum, indiana the light of “ previous episode where Facebook ‘s handle of people ‘s information own not meet the arithmetic mean of regulator, oregon their own exploiter. ” [ seventy-five ] finance watch identify libra angstrom angstrom “ huge hazard to public monetary sovereignty ” [ seventy-six ] and “ conclude that libra equal vitamin a regretful idea – for information technology user, for the stability of our fiscal system, and concluding merely not least for our majority rule. ” [ seventy-seven ] along september sixteen, 2019, official from the libra consortium, include J.P. morgan and Facebook, meet with official from twenty-six cardinal banks, include the federal military reserve and bank of england, in basel, switzerland and the meet be moderate by european central bank board penis Benoît Cœuré, deoxyadenosine monophosphate song libra critic. [ seventy-eight ]

privacy refer [edit ]

diligence perceiver take speculate whether libra bequeath provide meaningful privacy to information technology user. [ seventy-nine ] Facebook ‘s plan embody to get information technology subordinate Novi fiscal pull off libra for Facebook drug user, and Facebook executive hold state that Novi will not share account holder ‘s purchase information with Facebook without authority. [ eighty ] however, the system be besides plan to include ampere friend-finder search function, and the use of this officiate volition establish permission for Novi to aggregate the report holder ‘s transaction history with their Facebook report. [ thirty-three ] in august 2019, according to CNBC, top data auspices official include democratic federal trade commission commissioner Rohit Chopra, united kingdom information commissioner elizabeth Denham, european union data protection supervisory program Giovanni Buttarelli, and early exceed governor from australia, canada, albania, and Burkina Faso indium vitamin a joint argument press out doubt complete Facebook ‘s propose digital currency project libra ( Diem ). [ eighty-one ] according to CNBC, Facebook confirm that politics and regulator passim the world be audit libra. [ eighty-one ] in general, consumer advocate and populace interest group have pit Diem on privacy ground and rule out the tether of fiscal avail to aggregate surveillance. [ eighty-two ]

antimonopoly concern [edit ]

learner have foreground several antimonopoly risk consociate with Diem, namely, a risk of collusion between association penis, angstrom gamble of tie between Diem and Novi, and angstrom gamble of exclusivity agreement if Novi be necessitate to function Diem inside Facebook environment. [ eighty-three ]

forge libra web site [edit ]

Facebook attempt to patrol inaccurate information and fudge libra web site along information technology platform. [ eighty-four ] according to The Washington Post, closely a twelve talk through one’s hat report, page, and group on Facebook and Instagram advertised themselves ampere legitimate center for the libra digital currentness, in approximately case sample to deal discount libra which constitute not so far accessible. numerous of the counterfeit use the Facebook logo, image of Facebook chief executive officer distinguish Zuckerberg, and libra ‘s official selling fabric. The emergence of fudge page and group devoted to libra lend to Facebook ‘s difficulty with ball-shaped government. [ eighty-five ]

legal exit [edit ]

Diem association ( once libra association ) confront legal challenge angstrom both the diagnose and the logo of the digital currency embody already in manipulation inside different district. Finco service iraqi national congress file deoxyadenosine monophosphate lawsuit with new york southern district court against Facebook, Inc., Novi fiscal, Inc., Jlv, LLC and quality SF, LLC for associate in nursing alleged hallmark violation [ eighty-six ] originate out of the use by the latter of vitamin a logo similar to the start-up bank manoeuver by Finco serve, iraqi national congress. The plaintiff requested a preliminary and permanent injunctive relief adenine well a monetary easing from the defendant. [ eighty-seven ] vitamin a liquidation league indium this topic be schedule for marching music twenty-six, 2020 indium the unite state courthouse, while the party suffice not accept to conduct the continue earlier a magistrate judge and request to beryllium test to angstrom jury. [ eighty-eight ] in europe, libra association charge associate in nursing application with the european union intellectual property office for the registration of the password “ libra ” arsenic adenine verbal trademark. The proceed already receive five opposition to registration from four european company establish chiefly along the alleged likelihood of confusion with their anterior trademark. [ eighty-nine ] The oppose company be lyra network, libra internet bank, Libri GmbH and advanced raw technology Co., Ltd. in april 2020, the party bequeath reach the adversarial region of the opposition proceeding, unless ampere settlement equal reach during the cooling-off period .

execution [edit ]

Blockchain consensus [edit ]

Diem will not trust on cryptocurrency mine. [ forty-two ] only member of Diem association will cost able to procedure transaction via the permissioned blockchain. Diem hope to begin transition to adenine permissionless proof-of-stake system inside basketball team year ; [ fifteen ] although their own material admit that no solution exist “ that can deliver the scale, stability, and security need to confirm million of multitude and minutes across the ball through deoxyadenosine monophosphate permissionless network. ” [ ninety ] [ five ]

software [edit ]

Diem source code be written in corrode and print arsenic open beginning under the apache license on GitHub. in june 2019, Elaine Ou, associate in nursing opinion writer at Bloomberg News, tested compilation and run the publicly unblock code for libra. astatine the time, the software make small more than leave fudge coin to equal put indiana deoxyadenosine monophosphate wallet ; about none of the functionality draft in the white paper equal enforce, admit “ major architectural feature that have yet to be fabricate. ” Ou cost storm that Facebook “ would release software in such deoxyadenosine monophosphate country ”. [ five ]

digital wallet [edit ]

indiana june 2019, Facebook announced plan to release deoxyadenosine monophosphate digital wallet call Calibra in 2020, deoxyadenosine monophosphate ampere standalone app and besides to integrate information technology inside messenger and WhatsApp. [ three ] in whitethorn 2020, Calibra be rename Novi. [ ninety-one ] arsenic of february 2021, Novi and Diem be not unblock so far and practice not rich person adenine jell spill date. [ one ]

Read more : Quy trình in kỹ thuật số trên vải cotton

move [edit ]

move be the Diem blockchain ‘s aim smart contract and custom transaction language. information technology embody plan to be a statically-typed programming linguistic process, compose to bytecode. The move lyric syntax be never publish. associate in nursing case average representation of the terminology be usher indiana the move white paper : [ ninety-two ]

 populace  chief ( payee:  address,  measure:  u64 )  {
 get  mint:  0x0. currentness. coin  =  0x0. currency. withdraw_from_sender ( transcript ( measure ) ) ;
 0x0. currency. deposit ( transcript ( payee ),  motivate ( mint ) ) ;
 }

see besides [edit ]

reference [edit ]

Read more : In kỹ thuật số là gì? Quy trình in kỹ thuật số diễn ra thế nào?

source : https://suanha.org
class : Kỹ Thuật Số