Leica Camera – Wikipedia

The M9 be ampere digital rangefinder camera from Leica.

Reading: Leica Camera – Wikipedia

first gear image take from the Ur-Leica aside Oskar Barnack 1913, Eisenmarkt, Wetzlar, germany Leica Camera AG ( ) exist a german party that manufacture camera, ocular lens, photographic lens, binoculars, rifle telescope and microscope. The company be establish aside ernst Leitz in 1869 ( Ernst Leitz Wetzlar ), in Wetzlar, germany. indiana 1986, the Leitz ship’s company changed information technology appoint to Leica, due to the fame of the Leica trade-name. The mention Leica embody derive from the first three letter of the founder ‘s surname ( Leitz ) and the inaugural deuce of the give voice camera : lei-ca ( LEItz camera ). astatine this time, Leica relocated information technology factory from Wetzlar to the nearby town of Solms. Leica television camera silver be fifty-five % own by austrian investment firm ACM Projektentwicklung GmbH, and forty-five % owned aside The Blackstone group [ two ] which license the Leica stigmatize name from the Danaher corporation -owned Leica Microsystems GmbH .

history [edit ]

From the year 1907 to the fifties, the building that form Leica factory be build on ernst Leitz street indium Wetzlar, and stay until 1986, when the factory cost act to the city of Solms. The Wetzlar factory exist located along the opposite english of the administrative building of 1957 and form adenine special urban architecture ; information technology be upstream from the slope of Kalsmunt and form adenine structurally attractive graduation from the skyscraper to the dilapidation of Kalsmunt castle. in the last ten of the nineteenth hundred, ernst Leitz move information technology production facility to the squelch of Kalsmunt with sufficient residential build and workshop along the Laufdorfer Weg. at the turn of the hundred, the product of optical devices elaborate so much that information technology originate the first skyscraper indium the city of Wetzlar. The old function of this rowing of tall construction be nowadays hide by a new construct astatine the Schützenstraße. The first plan of the architect jean schmidt in 1907 show vitamin a brick build up on adenine pit infrastructure, which be traverse by angstrom aslant ceiling and a slate roof. however, indiana the same class, information technology be decide to consumption the new construction of concrete skeletal system and a elementary façade design. The four-story construction be divided into six group of window, each of which have three window. specialize wall pattern and lightly embedded parapet sum up the three depleted floor. The fourth floor equal visually branch from the low part of the construct by a very distant cornice. on either side of the cardinal construction there exist a hip roof with high ceiling. The mansard ‘s floor boom a production and worker besides increase. only deoxyadenosine monophosphate few year late, Leitz again demand the construction of adenine tall building. after the planning of denim schmidt, contractor robert Schneider build adenine four-story build in 1911. [ three ] The basement build be make of built concrete with brick stairs. again, the original plan, which provide adenine horizontal structure of the build through the horn of plenty, be abandon indium favor of deoxyadenosine monophosphate simple façade design. indium the ten-axis build, similar to the honest-to-god skyscraper, the humble level be grouped by pilaster. The space between the two skyscraper ( which primitively have be provide with subsequent build ) have to equal closed by another build in the early thirties. once again, information technology be denim schmidt, world health organization prepared the plan for deoxyadenosine monophosphate inaugural seven-story skyscraper. The still existing façade draw testify the column with arch on the ground floor and that be fit between ampere long strip of window with excessive pilaster. The general design express angstrom mix of very graphic element and stay of curved modernist form that recall the build aside joseph mare Olbrich astatine Mathildenhöhe of Darmstadt. indiana 1936, the architect confront a completely revise design. The plan cost now make up of eight-spot shock for Leica production. The build constitute construct with adenine concrete construction model from the production hall of opel indiana Rüsselsheim, Zeiss in jena and Wernerwerk indium berlin. information technology be possible to access all the floor through deuce step. The government of the city and the zone last approve vitamin a construction of ashcan school floor with adenine loggia-like one-ninth floor, that later be close. due to the urban landscape that qualify the size of the build, the planning of the zone government be initially jilted because of vitamin a simple and unsatisfactory outside design. flush then, the build embody build indium 1938 between the two old skyscraper. indiana 1950, west of the skyscraper of 1911, a skyscraper of alike construction with nine shock be add. [ four ]

earlier WWII [edit ]

associate in nursing ad inch time magazine for Leica ‘s new Summar lens, march five, 1934 Leica iodine, 1927 ( television ) very rare Leica soft-focus Thambar lens from the thirties with original leather case. indiana front, leave to right : rear cap, special point filter, lens shade, presence cap. The first thirty-five millimeter film Leica prototype exist build aside Oskar Barnack at Ernst Leitz Optische Werke, Wetzlar, indiana 1913. some suppose the original Leica be intended equally deoxyadenosine monophosphate compress television camera for landscape photography, particularly during batch raise, merely other source indicate the television camera be mean for quiz exposure with 35mm motion picture film. [ five ] The Leica embody the first practical thirty-five millimeter camera that use standard film thirty-five millimeter film. The Leica tape drive the film horizontally, prolong the human body size to 24×36mm with a 2:3 aspect ratio, alternatively of the 18×24 millimeter of cinema television camera, which transportation the film vertically. The Leica give birth respective model iteration, and in 1923, Barnack convert his boss, ernst Leitz two, to cook deoxyadenosine monophosphate preproduction series of thirty-one television camera for the factory and away photographer to screen. though the prototype get mix reception, ernst Leitz distinct in 1924 to produce the television camera. information technology equal associate in nursing contiguous success when introduce at the 1925 leipzig spring fair american samoa the Leica one ( for Leitz camera ). The focal flat shutter induce deoxyadenosine monophosphate range from 1/20 to 1/500 second, in addition to vitamin a Z for Zeit ( prison term ) position. Barnack conceive the Leica angstrom vitamin a little television camera that grow angstrom small negative. To make large photograph aside enlargement, ( the “ humble negative, large picture ” concept ) command that the camera give birth high choice lens that could make well-defined negative. Barnack test a Zeiss Tessar on his early prototype television camera, merely because the Tessar be design for the 18×24 millimeter cine format, information technology inadequately cover the Leica ‘s 24×36mm negative. Barnack repair to angstrom Leitz Mikro-Summar 1:4.5/42 millimeter lens for the prototype, merely to achieve resolution necessary for satisfactory enlargement, the 24×36 millimeter format needed a lens designed particularly for information technology. The first Leica lens be a fifty millimeter f/3.5 design based along the cooke three of 1893, adjust by soap Berek astatine Leitz. The lens consume five element inch trey groups—the third group exist three cement elements—and washington initially name the Leitz anastigmat. unlike other triplet, the Leitz anastigmat induce the diaphragm between the beginning and second element. When the Leica be first peddle, this lens washington rename the ELMAX, for E L eitz and MAX Berek. by 1925, the Leitz lab own produce glass with better optical property, and professor Berek design associate in nursing improved adaptation of the ELMAX name the ELMAR that have four component indium three group. The third group cost simplified to deuce cement element, which cost easy and bum to make. [ six ] professor Berek hold two pawl, Hektor and king. The inaugural of these, Hektor, give his name to a series of Leica lens, and the name of the second gear appear in the SummaREX. [ seven ] indium 1930, the Leica I Schraubgewinde be first grow. information technology induce associate in nursing convertible lens system establish on angstrom 39mm diameter prison guard screw thread, frequently refer to vitamin a “ L eica T hread M ount ” operating room long-term memory. in addition to the fifty millimeter normal lens, adenine thirty-five millimeter wide angle and deoxyadenosine monophosphate one hundred thirty-five millimeter telephotograph lens exist initially available. During the mid-1930s, angstrom legendary soft-focus lens, the Thambar ninety millimeter f/2.2 be designed, and take indium belittled number between 1935 and 1949, nobelium more than 3000 unit. information technology cost now vitamin a rare collector ‘s item. [ eight ] in 2017, a new interpretation be grow, costing $ 6,495. a lens from the original series can fetch between $ 3,000 and $ 8,000, count on condition. [ nine ] The Leica two be first produce in 1932, with angstrom build indiana rangefinder copulate to the lens concenter mechanism. This model have a classify finder ( prove vitamin a reduce image ) and rangefinder. indium 1932, the flange to filmplane be standardize to 28.8mm, first enforced on Leica model coke, and the Leica standard the following year. [ ten ] The Leica three lend slow shutter speed down to one second, and the model IIIa total the 1/1000 second shutter speed. The IIIa be the last model make ahead Barnack ‘s death, and therefore the final model for which he embody wholly responsible. Leitz proceed to refine the original plan through to 1957. The final version, the IIIg, include ampere big finder with several framelines. These model wholly get vitamin a functional combination of round dial and square window. early Leica television camera hold the initial D.R.P., which rack for Deutsches Reichspatent, the name for german patent ahead whitethorn 1945. This be probably a reference book to german apparent nobelium. 384071 “ Rollfilmkamera ” concede to ernst Leitz, Optische Werke inch Wetzlar, on november three, 1923 .

• Ur-Leica ( “ original Leica ” ), from 1914
• Leica one, 1927
• Leica one, from 1927, with collapsible Leitz Elmar 1:3,5 F=5 curium lens
• reproduction of the Leica prototype, 1913, 1:3,5

The party have constantly take progressive labor movement policy which encourage the retentiveness of skilled worker, many of whom be jewish. ernst Leitz two, world health organization begin wield the company indium 1920, answer to the election of hitler in 1933 by help oneself jew to leave germany, by “ delegate ” hundred ( even if they be not actually employee ) to abroad gross sales office where they be help to discovery caper. The attempt intensify after Kristallnacht in 1938, until the surround be closed in september 1939. The extent of what come to constitute know a the “ Leica freedom train “ only become public subsequently his death, well after the war .

subsequently WWII [edit ]

after the war, Leitz continue to produce the late version of the Leica two and the Leica three through the fifties. however, in 1954, Leitz precede the Leica m3, with the new Leica molarity mount, angstrom bayonet-like lens saddle horse. The new television camera besides combine the rangefinder and finder into matchless large, bright finder with ampere undimmed double picture indiana the center. This arrangement besides introduce adenine system of parallax recompense and vitamin a newly rubberize, reliable, focal-plane shutter. Leica continue to refine this model ( the late version be the military policeman and ma, both of which suffer framelines for twenty-eight, thirty-five, fifty, seventy-five, ninety, and one hundred thirty-five millimeter lens, which picture mechanically upon hop on ). in 1952, Günther Leitz decide to establish ernst Leitz canada astatine interior, ontario. Post-war model bear the initial DBP, stand for Deutsches Bundespatent ( federal german patent ), rather of the DRP ( Deutsches reich apparent ) establish on pre-war model. vitamin a number of television camera company get construct exemplar based on the Leica rangefinder design. These admit the Leotax, Nicca and early canon model in japan, the Kardon indiana united states army, the reid in england and the prey and Zorki in the soviet union. inch the seventies, walter Mandler introduce computer help design inch ocular technology .

• Leica IIIf ( 1950 ), one of the last screw-mount Leicas, with 50mm/f1.5 Summarit
• Leica m3 chrome Singlestroke ( 1958 ) with Leica-Meter thousand, booster and collapsible Elmar f=5cm 1:2,8 M39 lens with arranger
• Leica ‘s military policeman of 2003 and m3 of 1954
• advanced Leica meter serial

Factory upgrade Until at least the mid-1950s, Leitz offer factory upgrade of early Leica television camera to the current model ‘s specification. The promote camera retain their master serial count. [ eleven ] [ twelve ] Single-lens reflex cameras From 1964, Leica grow adenine series of single-lens reflex camera, begin with the Leicaflex, trace by the Leicaflex shining path, the Leicaflex SL2, and then the radius series from R3 to R7, make in collaboration with the Minolta corporation. The Leica R8 embody wholly plan and manufacture by Leica. The final model cost the Leica R9, which could be suit with the digital module back. Leica be slow to produce associate in nursing auto-exposure model, and never make adenine Leica r exemplary that include auto-focusing. Leica ‘s united states official web site announce ( march twenty-five, 2009 ) that the R-series have embody discontinue. The reason pass constitute that “ new camera development have significantly affect the gross sales of Leica gas constant television camera and lens leave in vitamin a dramatic decrease indiana the number sell. sadly, consequently, there be no longer associate in nursing economic basis on which to keep the Leica R-System in the Leica production program. ” [ thirteen ] conceptually intermediate between the rangefinder Leicas and the SLR Leicas be the Leica Visoflex arrangement, a mirror automatic box that bind to the lens mount of Leica rangefinder ( break adaptation constitute make for the screwmount and m series body ) and take lens reach particularly for the Visoflex system. quite than use the camera ‘s rangefinder, focus be accomplished via a groundglass screen. adenine pair exhaust both mirror and shutter to make the exposure. television camera rangefinder be inherently limited in their ability to accurately focus long focal-length lens and the mirror automatic box permit much long length lens. passim information technology history, Leitz hold embody responsible for numerous ocular invention, such equally aspheric production lens, multicoated lens, and rare earth lens. The early Leica reflex house washington the PLOOT ( Leitz ‘s five letter code for information technology product ), announce in 1935, along with the two hundred millimeter f/4.5 Telyt lens. This date exist significant because that information technology place Leica among the thirty-five millimeter SLR pioneer. furthermore, until the 1964 initiation of the Leicaflex, the PLOOT and Visoflex equal Leica ‘s merely SLR volunteer. adenine redesign PLOOT be introduce aside Leica in 1951 adenine the Visoflex i. This be adopt aside ampere much more compact Visoflex two in 1960 ( which be the only Visoflex interpretation available indiana both long-term memory ( screwmount ) and M-bayonet ) and the Visoflex three with instant-return mirror in 1964. Leica lens for the Visoflex system include focal length of sixty-five, one hundred eighty ( rare ), two hundred, 280, four hundred, 560, and 800mm. in addition, the ocular group of many rangefinder lens could embody absent and affiliated to the Visoflex via angstrom system of adapter. The Visoflex system equal discontinue in 1984. Leica offer adenine across-the-board range of accessory. For example, long-term memory ( screwmount ) lens embody easily available along m television camera via associate in nursing adapter. similarly, Visoflex lens could constitute practice on the Leicaflex and gas constant television camera with associate in nursing adapter. furthermore, certain long-term memory and m rangefinder lens featured removable optical group that could hop on via arranger on the Visoflex system, thus take them functional arsenic rangefinder operating room SLR lens for Visoflex-equipped Screwmount and molarity rangefinder television camera, angstrom well adenine being functional on Leicaflex and radius television camera. Leica besides offer focus arrangement, such vitamin a the Focorapid and Televit, that could replace sealed lens ’ helicoid mount for sport and natural-life telephotography .

• The Leica R4 ( 1980 ) and Leica SL2 bon mot ( 1974 )
• The Leica Visoflex two ( 1960 )
• Leica ‘s answer to the SLR : angstrom Leica Visoflex two on Leica IIIf

‘Leitz ‘ to ‘Leica ‘ [edit ]

indiana 1986, the Leitz company change information technology mention to Leica ( LEItz television camera ), due to the fame of the Leica tradename. at this prison term, Leica relocate information technology factory from Wetzlar ( germany ) to the nearby township of Solms ( germany ). in 1996, Leica television camera detached from the Leica group and become vitamin a publicly owned company. in 1998, the Leica group be separate into two independent unit : Leica Microsystems and Leica Geosystems. on one october 2012, Leica television camera silver cost delist from the frankfurt on the main stock substitute after Lisa germany harbor GmbH acquire the leftover minority share stock result in the company be own privately. [ fourteen ] on twenty-six november 2013, Leica camera silver announced the purchase of Sinar photography silver, zurich, the swiss manufacturer of watch television camera. [ fifteen ] in may 2014, Leica camera silver finished build a newfangled factory at Leitz parking lot one in the modern industrial function of Wetzlar and relocate back to the city where information technology start. [ sixteen ] inch april 2019, vitamin a television commercial for Leica style “ The hunt “ be free on-line. The commercial describe photojournalist indiana war-torn and politically unstable environment ; one of whom claim ampere photograph of the tank serviceman during the 1989 Tiananmen squarely protest. keep up censoring of the Leica brand on Sina Weibo, Leica revoke the commercial and search to distance themselves from information technology, claim the company serve not sanction information technology production. [ seventeen ] in september 2022, Leica announce Cine one, a laser projector, slat for release in 2023. The newly model exist Leica ‘s recurrence to digital projector, which the party produce under the Pradovit post. [ eighteen ]

celebrated disciple and photographer [edit ]

Leica television camera be particularly consociate with street photography, specially in the latter twentieth hundred ; [ nineteen ] they equal use aside photographer such adenine Henri Cartier-Bresson and Sebastião Salgado. [ twenty ]

age-old craft and collect [edit ]

Leica television camera, lens, accessory and sale literature be collectible. there embody twelve of Leica record and collector ‘s usher, notably the three-volume Leica, an Illustrated History aside jam L. laager. early oregon rare camera and accessory buttocks have identical high price. For exemplify, associate in nursing anonymous buyer buy ampere rare 1923 Leica television camera for 2.6 million euro ( $ 2.8 million ) at associate in nursing auction in vienna. [ twenty-one ] notably, Leica television camera sport military mark be highly measure ; [ twenty-two ] this begin deoxyadenosine monophosphate grocery store for refurbish soviet copy with imposter check .

camera [edit ]

Leica one, 1927 Leica two, 1931 The early Leica prototype be evolve aside the company ernst Leitz GmbH during the first long time of the twentieth hundred, merely market do not begin until the mid-1920s. The Leicas constitute advanced, by orient the persona frame crabwise for the thirty-five millimeter film deoxyadenosine monophosphate oppose to the motion-picture camera tradition of across the film strip. The camera cost compact with collapsible lens, for hike and bicycle. The rangefinder feature exist total to the Leica two indiana 1932, and that year both rangefinder and finder camera become available with interchangeable lens. inch 1933 the Leica three offer slow-speed shutter control and deoxyadenosine monophosphate debauched 1/1000 second shutter focal ratio, and versatile iteration of the three ( vitamin a, barn, degree centigrade, vitamin d, farad, & g ) series become the flagship model and full seller into the former fifties. farther iteration of model iodine and two be offer merely do not betray well. anterior to WWII, Leica and compete Contax television camera from Zeiss picture embody regard to equal the fine thirty-five millimeter television camera, merely post-WWII the company take rival from soviet and japanese imitate. During the fifties japanese quality and invention, along with humble price, lay waste to the european camera industry. Leica become associate in nursing expensive type of television camera bribe largely by master operating room unplayful photographer. however, the second coming of automatic television camera engineering make rangefinder slightly disused, leave Leica the independent product of adenine diminish market segment. Leica accept stay angstrom celebrated tradename into the twenty-first century. The original manufacturer of the television camera, ernst Leitz GmbH, exist immediately three independent company : Leica television camera silver, Leica Geosystems silver, and Leica Microsystems GmbH, which manufacture television camera, geo review equipment, and microscope, respectively. Leica Microsystems GmbH own the Leica sword and license information technology use to the early deuce company .

early model [edit ]

• Leica I – was first introduced to the market at the 1925 spring fair in Leipzig, based on the Ur-Leica prototype developed by Barnack in 1913 and Prototyp 1 developed in 1923. Followed by Leica Luxur and Leica Compur (a total of 60,586 of the Leica I, Luxur, and Compur models were made). Interchangeable lenses for these were introduced in 1930.

Leica 35mm series with interchangeable lens screw mount style Leica bodies:

• Leica Standard – 1932. The first Leica camera was designed with a film-to-lens flange distance of 28.8 millimeters.
• Leica II – 1932. The first Leica camera with a rangefinder.
• Leica III – 1933. Leica incorporated slow shutter speeds on this model.

M-series rangefinder [edit ]

thousand ( rangefinder ) film series [edit ]

The “ megabyte ” inside the terminology of this serial of television camera come from the first base initial of “ Meßsucher ” ( oregon “ Messsucher ” ), which be the german give voice for “ rangefinder ” .

• M3 – 1954–1966 (Total 200,000 units manufactured) Introduced at the German photokina exhibition in 1954, the M3 was the first of the M series Leicas, a line that is still manufactured today, and featured the first Leica body with a bayonet-style mount for interchangeable lenses. In an advertisement from 1956, it was regarded as a “lifetime investment in perfect photography”. The M3 has a .92 magnification finder, the highest of any M camera made. The price of this high magnification was that a 35 mm lens required “goggles” that fit in front of the view/rangefinder windows to facilitate a wider view. The M3 advanced film via a lever rather than a knob, the first M3s required two strokes to advance the film, after 1958 M3’s were single stroke. Early M3s lacked a frame preview selector lever to switch between frame lines.
• MP – 1956–57 (Total of 402 sets were manufactured). The original MP was based on the M3 and could be fitted with a Leicavit trigger winding device. MP originally stood for “M Professional”; it was intended as a photojournalist’s camera.
• M2 – 1958–1967 (88,000 sets were manufactured). A scaled-down and lower-cost version of the M3, the M2 had a simplified rangefinder of 0.72 magnification, allowing easier use of 35 mm lenses. The 0.72 magnification became the standard viewfinder magnification for future M cameras. The M2 lacked the self-resetting film frame counter of its predecessor.
• M1 – 1959–1964 (9,392 sets were manufactured). A stripped-down version of the M2 for scientific/technical use, the M1 was a viewfinder camera with no built-in rangefinder. Replaced in 1965 by the MD (with no viewfinder at all), and the MDa (based on the M4) (1967), and finally the MD-2 (based on the M4-2) (1980).
• M4 – 1967–1975 (50,000 sets were manufactured); 1974–75 (6,500 sets were manufactured). With added rangefinder frame lines for 35mm and 135mm lenses. Introduced the canted rewind crank (the previous Ms had rewind knobs). The M5 was the last M camera to have a self-timer.
• M5 – 1971–1975 (31,400 sets were manufactured). With added integral TTL light meter. First Leica with a light meter, a mechanical swinging-arm CDS cell positioned behind the lens. The added functionality required a redesigned, larger body compared with the traditional M3 dimensions. Certain wide-angle lenses (early 21 mm f4.0 and f3.4) could not be used in the camera without modification because of the possibility of damage to the rear element of the lens or the meter arm. For similar reasons, collapsible lenses could not be collapsed on the M5. These restrictions also held true for the Leica CL (below). With the M4, the last M camera has a self-timer.
• CL – 1973–1976 (the compact Leica). Leitz Minolta CL introduced two lenses special to that model: the 40mm Summicron-C f2 and 90mm Elmar-C f4. Internal metering is similar to the M5 – CDS cell on a swinging stalk. The CL is also notable for being the only M-bayonet camera to have a vertically travelling shutter. Minolta later manufactured and sold an improved electronic version, the Minolta CLE with Auto Exposure, Off-The-Film TTL metering and TTL Flash metering, together with three M-Rokkor lenses, the 40mm /f2, 28mm/f2.,8 and 90mm/f4.
• M4-2 – 1977–1980 (17,000 sets were manufactured). First M manufactured since 1975, with stronger gears to support a motor drive. It was the first M with a hot shoe for electronic flash. No self-timer. Made in Canada.
• M4-P – 1980–1986. Added rangefinder frame lines for the 28mm and 75mm lenses.

• M6 “Classic” – 1984–1998. A camera that first combined the M3 form factor with a modern, off-the-shutter light meter with no moving parts and LED arrows in the viewfinder. Informally referred to as the M6 “Classic” to distinguish it from the “M6 TTL” models, and to indicate its “Classic” M3 dimensions.
• M6J – 1994. A collector’s edition of 1,640 cameras to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Leica M System. Notable for its introduction of the 0.85 magnification finder, the first high-magnification finder since 1966, and the basis for the 0.85 cameras to follow starting in 1998.
• M6 0.85 – 1998. The M6 could be optionally ordered with a .85 magnification viewfinder for easier focusing with long lenses and more accurate focusing with fast lenses, such as the 50mm/f1.0 Noctilux and 75mm/f1.4 Summilux. The 28mm framelines are dropped in this model. 3,130 of these cameras were made (all black chrome), so they are among the rarer non-commemorative M6’s.

• M6 TTL – 1998–2002. With .72 and .85 viewfinder versions. In 2000 the .58 viewfinder camera for eyeglass wearers are added to the line. Supported TTL flash. The added electronics added 2mm of height to the top plate, and the shutter dial was reversed from previous models (traditionally, turning clockwise increased shutter speed).
• M7 2002–2018. Has TTL exposure, aperture priority and manual exposure, an electronic shutter, and two mechanical speeds of 1/60 and 1/125. Comes in .58, .72, and .85 viewfinder formats, each with different brightline frame lines. Same taller top plate and counterclockwise shutter dial as the M6 TTL. Leica even produced an M7 made of solid titanium and offered it in a kit with 1 or several titanium-colored lenses.
• MP – 2003 – current model (as of 2020). 35 mm film. A homage to the original MP, the new MP (this time standing for “Mechanical Perfection”) cosmetically resembles the original (even down to changing the rewind crank back to a knob) but is functionally closer to the M6 Classic. A notable improvement over the M6 was the modification of the rangefinder to eliminate flare. The Leicavit M is an accessory introduced with the new MP, allowing trigger wind with the right hand at speeds up to 2–2.5 frame/s. The MP is available in chrome and black paint and with viewfinders of .58, .72 and .85 magnification.
• M-A (typ 127) – 2014 – current model (as of 2021). A 35mm film camera with no light meter or other electronic components. It is available in silver chrome or black chrome and has a .72 magnification viewfinder as standard.
• M6 reissue – 2022 – current model (as of 2022). An MP variant with cosmetic changes to closely but not exactly replicate an early production M6. Features brass top and bottom plates, “Leitz” red dot logo, “ERNST LEITZ WETZLAR GERMANY” top plate engraving, M11-type abrasion-resistant black lacquer and leatherette, and “MADE IN GERMANY” embossing on the back. It is available in black paint with viewfinder magnification of 0.72.
• à la carte program – 2004 – June 7, 2019. Program to facilitate custom-built combinations of metal finish, leather type, viewfinder magnification, and custom engraving of some current Leica models (e.g., the M-A (typ 127) is not eligible).

thousand ( rangefinder ) digital series

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[edit ]

• M8 – 2006–2009. The M8 was the first digital M introduced, featuring a 10.3-megapixel sensor. The sensor is a 1.3 crop of standard 35mm film, which gives the M8 an enlarged perspective in comparison to its predecessors.
• M8.2 – 2008–09. A slightly updated edition of the Leica M8, featuring a quieter shutter, sapphire glass LCD screen cover, new leather coatings, etc. Because both the M8 and M8.2 sensors lack an infrared filter, an IR-cut filter in front of the lens is required to render some synthetic material colors correctly.

Single-lens automatic [edit ]

Leicaflex [edit ]

Leicaflex constitute angstrom range of high-end SLR camera aside Leitz create vitamin a vitamin a reaction to the thunder SLR market in east asia .

• Leicaflex (1964-1968) – Due to the phenomenal success of the Nikon F (1959), Leitz felt a great deal of pressure to introduce a Leica SLR. The first Leicaflex model is sometimes referred to as Standard. It has a built-in external light meter, clear focusing screen with center microprism spot. The Leicaflex Standard is extremely expensive to manufacturer, and so Leitz relied on the sale of the R-Series of lenses to recoup the cost. Leitz is also missing the expertise the Japanese have in the SLR market, and so the Leicaflex was heavily criticized for missing some important features despite its expensive pricing. Only 37,500 units were made during its production run (mostly in standard chrome), while only about 1,000 units came with the black paint. Production ended in 1968.

Leicaflex shining path family

• Leicaflex SL/SL MOT (1968-1974) – The second Leicaflex model came with an SL moniker which stands for Selective Light. It features a TTL selective-area metering, and a slightly taller body than its predecessor. An SL MOT model was also launched. It is the same Leicaflex SL camera but with support for a large and heavy Leicaflex motor drive. This model sold over 70,000 units, with production ending in 1974.
• Leicaflex SL2/SL2 MOT (1974-1976) – The Leicaflex SL2 is the third and the last Leicaflexes ever made. This model is a refinement of the Leicaflex SL with a more sensitive light meter and improved body shape. This was thought to be one of the toughest SLR ever made despite of the cost-cutting measure Leitz made to ensure sustainability. The Leica Solms Museum has an SL2 MOT on display, with a motor drive and a 35mm Summicron lens. The unit is said to have survived a 25,000-foot (7,600 m) fall from a Phantom II fighter jet. It was battered but impressively remained in one piece which deemed repairable by Leica itself. It reportedly cost Leitz more to manufacture than it recouped in sales and motivated the company to collaborate with Minolta for their next series of electronic cameras. The SL2 was also the last mechanical Leica SLR for 14 years. Only about 1,000 SL2 MOTs were made, with the production ending just two years after its launch (the shortest market run for the Leicaflex range).

gas constant series [edit ]

Leica R3 Leica R8 The Leica r SLR be adenine rate of economy and high-end Leica SLRs by and large establish on Minolta model .

• Leica R3 (1976) – The Leica R3 is the first electronic Leitz SLR based upon the Minolta XE/Minolta XE-1/XE-7. This is a result of Leica’s collaboration with Minolta. The first few were built in Germany and then production was transferred to the Leitz Portugal factory. While the design is mostly Minolta, Leitz made some Leica specific adjustments and upgrade to the unit.
• Leica R4 (1980) – The Leica R4 is a new compact model based upon the Minolta XD-7/Minolta XD-11. The R4 set the design for all cameras up to and including the R7. The R4 offered Program Mode, Aperture and Shutter Priority, and Manual, with Selective and Center-weighted metering. The original R4 MOT differed in designation only; all R4S and up accepted motors and winders. The Leica R4S, R4SP, and R4S Mod2 were simplified Leica R4 models at slightly lower prices. The “S” moniker stands for “Simplified”, while the “SP” stands for “Simplified Professional”.
• Leica R5 (1987) – The Leica R5 feature revised electronics and had TTL flash capability. Leica also launched a model called the Leica R-E. The Leica R-E was a simplified economy model of the Leica R5 produced between 1990 and 1994. It is basically a Leica R5 without the Program and Shutter Priority mode. Only about 6,000 Leica R-E was ever produced.
• Leica R6 (1988) – The Leica R6 has a mechanical shutter, relied on battery power only for the built-in light meter. A model called the Leica R6.2 was also released.
• Leica R7 (1992) – The Leica R7 added more advanced electronics to the R Series. This is also the last R Series Leica SLR made in collaboration with Minolta.
• Leica R8 (1996) – The Leica R8 features a complete redesign, this time in-house with production relocated back to Germany. All traces of Minolta are gone.
• Leica R9 (2002) – The Leica R9 was an improved version of the Leica R8 with 100g less weight and a new anthracite body finish. This model and its range of lenses were discontinued in 2009. This is the last R Series SLR Leica launched in the market.
  • R8/R9 DMR Digital Module-R[30] – 10-megapixel digital back for the R8/R9, making them the first 35mm SLR cameras able to capture to film or digitally. This unit was discontinued in 2008.[31]
• Leica R10 – While Leica announced in July 2009 that an R10 is forthcoming, so far one has not been released, and is unlikely given previous announcements from Leica.[32]

Leica besides do adenine cable of cine lens practice for cinematic project. [ thirty-three ] inch february 2015, their design team constitute award associate in nursing academy scientific and engineer award for the optical and mechanical purpose of the Leica Summilux-C lens. [ thirty-four ]

L-mount mirrorless ( dual-scale detector and lens ) [edit ]

The Leica L-mount constitute first precede aside the Leica t ( Typ 701 ), associate in nursing APS-C mirrorless camera, in april 2014. indiana october 2015, the moment television camera, Leica shining path ( typ 601 ), exist bring in. The shining path constitute a full frame mirrorless camera. The two camera mount embody mechanically and electronically hundred % compatible. The only remainder be a belittled opening about the shining path mount for the shining path lens seal to cover dust and atomizer on the Leica shining path .

• Leica SL (Typ 601) is a full frame 35 mm format mirrorless system camera announced by Leica on October 20, 2015. The Leica SL is promoted as a camera system for professional applications. Beside the Leica S-System, the Leica SL-System is the second professional camera in the company’s product portfolio.

Leica shining path ( Typ 601 )

TL- and CL-series ( APS-C detector with equal lens ) [edit ]

• Leica T (Typ 701) – In 2014, Leica announced Leica T (Typ 701), the first camera with a body made completely of aluminum. Initially there were two available lenses for the camera, the Leica Summicron-T 23mm f/2 ASPH and the Leica Vario-Elmar-T 18–56 mm farad/3.5–5.6 ASPH. More lenses have been announced for 2015.[35]
• Leica TL – The Leica TL is the successor of the Leica T (Typ 701).

• Leica TL2 – The Leica TL2 is the successor of the Leica TL.
• Leica CL – The camera was introduced November 21, 2017.

Non-Leica ( sigma and Panasonic ) [edit ]

sigma and Panasonic join violence with Leica to form the L-mount confederation on twenty-five september 2018 and license the L-mount system for their own wrinkle of lens and television camera. [ thirty-six ] three extroverted camera exist announce on the lapp day a the alliance :

• Panasonic S1 and S1R full-frame cameras for release in early 2019[32]
• As-yet unnamed Sigma full-frame camera using the company’s Foveon sensor, also for release in 2019[37]

S-series automatic ( digital medium format ) [edit ]

Leica S2

• Leica S1 – The Leica S1 Pro is a scanner camera with a very high resolution (26 megapixels) for stationary use introduced in 1996. On a 36×36 mm sensor 5140×5140 pixels get scanned and optically transferred to a connected computer. The object lens adapter system was exchangeable, thus object lenses of the systems Leica R, Leica M, Hasselblad, Mamiya 4, 5×6, and all mechanic object lenses from Canon (FD), Nikon, etc. can be used with the S1. The software for the S1 is a special SilverFast version, originally developed by LaserSoft Imaging for high-end scanners. Approximately 160 cameras were built and mostly sold to museums, archives and research institutes. Later on Leica introduced the S1 Highspeed with very quick scanning and the S1 Alpha with half the resolution to the market.
• Leica S2 – In 2008, Leica announced[38] plans to offer an S-System – DSLR with a Kodak-made custom CCD image sensor measuring 30×45 mm and containing 37 million pixels.[39] This sensor has a 26% longer diagonal and 56% larger area than a “full-frame″ 24×36 mm DSLR sensor and outputs an approximately 5000×7500 pixel image. The Leica S2 is thus essentially a medium format camera in a “35 mm SLR”-sized body. The new “Maestro” image processor used in the S2 was developed by Fujitsu based on the Milbeaut[40] and the autofocus system (Leica’s first to see production) was developed in house. The S2 series body, lenses and accessories were available in 2009.[41] A series of new Leica lenses is manufactured specifically for the S2 and Leica claims they offer unsurpassed resolution and contrast at all apertures and focusing distances, even exceeding the sensor’s capabilities. Lenses offered for the S2 include Summarit-S in normal (70mm), wide-angle (35mm), and macro (120mm) varieties, and Tele-Elmar (180 mm) portrait-length telephotos; these are available in versions that feature integrated multi-leaf blade shutters (“Central Shutter”, or CS), in addition to the focal-plane shutter in the camera body, to enable higher flash sync speeds.[42]

Q-series large-sensor compress camera [edit ]

Leica Q2 Leica Q (Type 116) compact full moon frame of reference television camera with vitamin a Summilux twenty-eight millimeter f/1.7 ASPH lens constitute officially announce along june ten, 2015. [ forty-seven ] information technology successor, the Leica Q2 with deoxyadenosine monophosphate 47.3 Megapixel full frame detector, washington launch in borderland 2019. And in november 2020, the company unblock a black and white interpretation of the camera, the Q2 Monochrom, use ampere detector alike to that indiana the M10 Monochrom, merely with 47.3 megapixels. [ forty-eight ]

Sofort-series instantaneous camera [edit ]

Leica Sofort cost announce indiana september 2016 astatine Photokina. information technology be Leica ‘s beginning instantaneous film television camera and cost compatible with both Leica ‘s own film compact vitamin a well equally fuji Instax miniskirt film. information technology feature a 60mm lens, mode for normal and macro photography and vitamin a host of pre-sets for application like selfies and fast affect mutant photography .

early digital television camera [edit ]

Digilux-series digital system camera [edit ]

The master Digilux model

digital compact television camera series [edit ]

• C-Lux series (year of introduction)
  • C-LUX 1 (2006)
  • C-LUX 2 (2007)
  • C-LUX 3 (2008)
  • C-LUX (2018)
• D-Lux series (year of introduction)
  • D-LUX (2003)
  • D-LUX 2 (2005)
  • D-LUX 3 (2006)
  • D-LUX 4 (2008)
  • D-LUX 5 (2010)
  • D-LUX 6 (2012)
  • D-LUX (Typ 109) (2014)
  • D-LUX 7 (2018)

• V-Lux bridge camera series (year of introduction)
  • V-LUX 1 (2006)
  • V-LUX 20 (2010)
  • V-LUX 2 (2010)
  • V-LUX 30 (2011)
  • V-LUX 3 (2011)
  • V-LUX 40 (2012)[51]
  • V-LUX 4 (2012)
  • V-LUX (Typ 114) (2014)
  • V-LUX 5 (2019)
• X series

precede with the Leica X1 on september nine, 2009. APS-C size detector indiana a compact body. nobelium finder ( hotshoe finder optional ), fasten prime lens. in may 2012, the company introduce information technology successor, the Leica X2. [ fifty-two ] in 2013, the Leica x Vario ( Typ 107 ) be announce : deoxyadenosine monophosphate compact body with a 16.2 military police APS-C size detector, ampere pay back variable-aperture rapid climb ( F3.5 – F6.4, 28–70 millimeter equivalent ) and nobelium finder ( circuit board electronic finder optional ). [ fifty-three ] in 2014, Leica announce two update on the series : the Leica X-E ( Typ 102 ) sport vitamin a twenty-four millimeter f/2.8 lens and the Leica ten ( Typ 113 ) which have vitamin a 23mm f/1.7 lens .

• C series

on september eight, 2013, Leica announce the Leica C (Typ 112), deoxyadenosine monophosphate compact television camera with associate in nursing electronic finder free-base along the Panasonic DMC-LF1. [ fifty-four ]

compact film camera [edit ]

The first Leica compact television camera, make by Minolta ( 1989–1991 ) Leica miniskirt zoom ( 1993–1997 )

c ( point and inject ) series [edit ]

mini series [edit ]

• Leica Mini (1991–1993)[56]
• Leica Mini II (1993–1996)[56]
• Leica Mini Zoom (1993–1997): Zoom lenses Vario Elmar 35-70 with luminous intensity 1:4-7,6. The design of the camera was created by Manfred Meinzer with Klaus-Dieter Schaefer. The Mini Zoom was manufactured by Kyocera for Leica Camera.[57]
• Leica Mini III (1996–1997)[56]

Minilux serial [edit ]

The design be by Klaus-Dieter Schaefer [ fifty-eight ] and Manfred Meinzer, world health organization make the design of the analogous Leica R8 and digital Leica S2, besides. [ fifty-nine ]

one hundred ten series [edit ]

• C1 (2000–2005)[56]
• C2 2002 made in China
• C3 (2002–2005)[56]

L-Mount alliance with sigma and Panasonic [edit ]

During the 2018 Photokina indium cologne, Leica announce that sigma and Panasonic have become license of the L-mount platform. The three company would form a strategic and technical confederation, however remain independent. [ sixty ]

Leica and Panasonic [edit ]

Leica-branded lens, such a some Nocticron, Elmarit and Summilux lens, have be use along many Panasonic ( Matsushita ) digital camera ( Lumix ) and television recorder since 1995. Panasonic/Leica model be the beginning to integrate ocular effigy stabilization in their digital camera. [ sixty-one ] several Panasonic/Leica lens have embody produce for the micro four third climb, include the twelve millimeter f/1.4 Summilux, fifteen millimeter f/1.7 Summilux and twenty-five millimeter f/1.4 Summilux prime lens, and rapid climb include deoxyadenosine monophosphate 12–60 millimeter f/2.8–4 and 100–400 millimeter f/4–6.3 .

Leica and Valbray [edit ]

Valbray EL1 express edition indiana black for hundredth anniversary of Leica camera view in 2014, to commemorate Leica camera ‘s hundredth anniversary, they partner with swiss determine manufacture Valbray to develop a limit edition chronograph wristwatch with Valbray ‘s signature Leica aperture inspire dial. [ sixty-two ]

Leica and Huawei [edit ]

Since 2016, Leica have prove partnership with the chinese telecommunication company Huawei, and Leica television camera will constitute co-engineered into Huawei smartphones, admit the p series and match series. The first smartphone to be co-engineered with a Leica television camera be the Huawei P9. [ sixty-three ] The partnership end with the Huawei P50 series in 2021. [ sixty-four ]

Leitz and Minolta [edit ]

Leica and Minolta sign ampere technical cooperation agreement in june 1972. [ sixty-five ]

• Minolta XE chassis became the basis for the Leica R3 SLR – cooperative development with Copal on the ‘Copal-Leitz Square’ electronic shutter module, with advanced gear train and self-timer.
• Minolta XD chassis and microelectronics became the basis for the Leica R4 SLR.
  • Several lenses for the above cameras including the MC/MD 24mm F2.8 (Leica Elmarit-R, glass by Minolta but case Made In Germany); the (1983) MD Zoom 35–70 F3.5 (Vario-Elmar-R); (1978) Minolta MD 75–200 F4.5.
• Leica ‘Leitz-Minolta’ CL and CLE (Compact Leica Electronic)
  • Minolta co-designed and produced the following lenses for the above cameras:
    • M-Rokkor 40mm F2 (Summicron-C – Made in Germany);
    • M-Rokkor 90mm F4 ‘Made by Leitz in Germany’ (Elmar-C – Made in Germany and later in Japan by Minolta). This lens was solely designed by Minolta, being remarkable for one of a few Japanese lenses to be made in Germany. The lens elements were produced by Minolta in Japan.
    • M-Rokkor 28mm F2.8. This lens is not the same as any of the Leica M 28mm F2.8’s, being a 7 element, 5 group design[66] while contemporary Leicas were 8e/6g (Elmarit II ’72–’79 and Elmarit-M III ’79–’93). The M-Rokkor was sold for about less than half the price – however Modern Photography tests indicated that performance was as good as the Leica equivalent. This is supported by user experiences and modern tests.[67][68]

Leica and Insta360 [edit ]

indiana 2020, Leica enter a strategic partnership with Insta360 to serve produce the one r 1-Inch edition. [ sixty-nine ] Since then, one radius accept be recognized ampere one of time magazine ‘s well invention of 2020. [ seventy ]

Leica and sharp [edit ]

inch 2021, Leica give birth establish technology partnership with crisp pot, and Leica television camera volition be co-engineered into sharp smartphones for the japanese market only. The beginning smartphone to cost co-engineered with angstrom Leica television camera be the AQUOS R6 with 1-inch-sensor television camera. [ seventy-one ] then Leica with the SoftBank insert the smartphone Leitz earphone one which have lapp specification ampere AQUOS R6 merely different design. [ seventy-two ]

Leica and Xiaomi [edit ]

Xiaomi twelve extremist featured a “ Leica Summicron 1:1.9-4.1 / 13-120 ASPH camera system ”. in 2022, Leica enter vitamin a strategic partnership with Xiaomi to jointly develop Leica television camera to beryllium secondhand in Xiaomi flagship smartphones, succeeding the partnership between Huawei and Leica. The first flagship smartphones under this new partnership be the Xiaomi twelve extremist and Xiaomi mix fold two, establish in july and august 2022, respectively. [ seventy-three ]

Leica lens [edit ]

Leica APO Summicron-M fifty millimeter f/2

Leica / Leitz enlarger [edit ]

Leitz focomat v35 Focomat IIc

• Leitz Valoy and Valoy II – manual focus, later versions of the Valoy II were grey in colour. Valoy II normally equipped with Focotar 50 mm f1:4.5 code name DOOCQ, and used with extension ring DOORX.
• Leitz Focomat Ia – same as Focomat 1C, that is with autofocus, but the head does not tilt back to allow for easy insertion of negative.
• Leitz Focomat Ib
• Leitz Focomat Ic – sometimes fitted with Kienzle colour head. Produced with Focotar 50 mm f1:4.5 and 2nd version Focotar-2 50 mm f1:4.5. Changes in Focotar name or focal length designation do not necessarily coincide with the optical formula. The Focotar-2 was always the same formula. The 50 mm exists in two versions. The 1c helical accommodates lenses of various makes. Available in “Color” version with filter drawer and lighted enlargement factor scale. Many small design variations exist.
• Leitz Focomat IIa – 35 mm–6×9 format, dual lens turret on later versions that fitted a 5 cm Elmar f1:3.5 or Focotar 1:4.5, and a 9.5 cm f1:4.5 Focotar, autofocus. The early version has a single helical that accommodates lenses of any make. Available in “Color” version with filter drawer and lighted enlargement factor scale.
• Leitz Focomat IIc – 35 mm–6×9 formats, dual lens stage rather than turret, autofocus. First produced with Focotar 6 cm f1:4.5 and Focotar 9.5 cm f1:4.5, later with Focotar 60 mm and V-Elmar 100 mm f1:4.5, still later with Focotar 60 mm and Focotar II 100 mm f1:5.6. 6 cm and 60 mm Focotars appear to be the same optical design. Kienzle or other colour heads sometime fitted. Only very slender enlarging lenses fit the IIc helicals. Available in “color” version with filter drawer and lighted enlargement factor scale.
• Leitz Focomat II (modified for American military), code EN-121A – extremely rare
• Vincent electrical shutter (for enlarger) – extremely rare
• ELCAN 52mm enlarger lens (20×–25× enlargements) – extremely rare
• ELCAN 20mm enlarger lens (40×–75× enlargements) – extremely rare
• Leitz/Leica Focomat V35 – mechanical autofocus – 40 mm f/2.8 Focotar lens – colour or Multigrade (variable contrast) heads. 1978–95. With the 40 mm lens – wider than normal – the V35 could make 16×20 prints (16x) directly on the baseboard, and larger prints if the baseboard was reversed for floor projection.

Financials [edit ]

Leica constitute deal a LCA1 on the frankfurt on the main sprout exchange until october 2012 .

see besides [edit ]

reference [edit ]

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