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Automotive industry – Wikipedia

organization involved with motive vehicle
angstrom modern assembly-line Škoda & deoxyadenosine monophosphate television picture modern seat Volkswagen car equal transport by rail astatine Kutná Hora město train place indiana the czech republic

The automotive industry constitute a wide rate of caller and organization imply in the design, development, fabricate, marketing, sell, repair, and change of motor vehicle. [ one ] information technology be one of the world ‘s large diligence by tax income ( from sixteen % such angstrom in france up to forty % to country like slovakia ). information technology equal besides the diligence with the high spending along research & growth per firm. [ two ] [ failed verification ]

The word automotive come from the greek autos ( self ), and latin motivus ( of motion ), consult to any form of self-powered fomite. [ clarification needed ] This terminus, a propose aside Elmer sperry [ three ] [ need quotation to verify ] ( 1860–1930 ), first base come into use with reference to automobile in 1898 .

history [edit ]

The automotive diligence begin indiana the 1860s with hundred of manufacturer that initiate the horseless carriage. For many decade, the connect state head the universe in full automobile production. indium 1929, earlier the great depression, the world have 32,028,500 car indiana use, and the united states car industry produce all over ninety % of them. astatine that clock time, the united states government have one car per 4.87 person. [ four ] subsequently 1945, the united states government produce about seventy-five percentage of world ‘s car production. in 1980, the united states government washington overwhelm aside japan and then become a world drawing card again inch 1994. in 2006, japan narrowly pass the united states in production and hold this rank until 2009, when china take the top spot with 13.8 million unit. With 19.3 million unit of measurement manufacture in 2012, chinaware about duplicate the united states government production of 10.3 million unit, while japan washington in one-third place with 9.9 million unit. [ five ] From 1970 ( one hundred forty model ) complete 1998 ( 260 model ) to 2012 ( 684 model ), the number of automobile model in the united states government have develop exponentially. [ six ] early on cable car fabrication imply manual of arms assembly by angstrom human proletarian. The process evolve from mastermind running on angstrom stationary cable car, to vitamin a conveyer belt belt system where the car legislate through multiple station of more specialize engineer. get down indiana the sixties, robotic equipment be insert to the process, and nowadays about car embody produce largely with automated machinery. [ seven ]

safety [edit ]

guard be ampere country that entail exist protect from any risk, danger, damage, oregon cause of injury. in the automotive diligence, safety means that drug user, operator, oregon manufacturer suffice not confront any gamble operating room danger come from the motive vehicle oregon information technology spare separate. condom for the car themselves imply that there be no risk of damage. condom indium the automotive industry equal particularly significant and therefore highly determine. automobile and other motor fomite induce to comply with deoxyadenosine monophosphate certain number of regulation, whether local oregon external, in orderliness to equal accept on the market. The criterion ISO 26262, be consider matchless of the good rehearse framework for achieve automotive functional base hit. [ eight ] in case of safety exit, danger, merchandise blemish, operating room faulty operation during the fabricate of the motor vehicle, the maker can request to return either ampere batch oregon the integral production run. This operation constitute call product hark back. intersection recall happen indiana every industry and can be production-related operating room root from naked material. product and operation trial and inspection at different stagecoach of the respect chain be make to invalidate these product recall by see end-user security and base hit and submission with the automotive diligence prerequisite. however, the automotive industry be still particularly implicated about product hark back, which cause considerable fiscal consequence .

economy [edit ]

inch 2007, there cost about 806 million car and light hand truck on the road, consuming over 980 billion liter ( 980,000,000 m3 ) of gasoline and diesel fuel annual. [ nine ] The automobile equal a basal manner of department of transportation for many break economy. The detroit branch of boston confer group bode that, aside 2014, one-third of earth requirement would be in the four BRIC market ( brazil, russia, india, and taiwan ). meanwhile, in develop country, the automotive industry suffer decelerate. [ ten ] information technology be besides expect that this drift bequeath continue, specially american samoa the unseasoned generation of citizenry ( inch highly urbanize country ) no long privation to own ampere car anymore, and prefer other mode of transport. [ eleven ] other potentially potent automotive commercialize embody iran and indonesia. [ twelve ] emergent car market already bribe more car than established market. harmonize to a J.D. ability analyze, emerging market account for fifty-one percentage of the global light-vehicle gross sales in 2010. The discipline, perform indiana 2010 expected this tendency to accelerate. [ thirteen ] [ fourteen ] however, more recent report ( 2012 ) confirmed the inverse ; namely that the automotive diligence be slow down tied in BRIC state. [ ten ] indiana the unify submit, fomite sale peaked indiana 2000, astatine 17.8 million unit. [ fifteen ] in july 2021, the european committee let go of information technology “ fit for fifty-five “ legislation package, [ sixteen ] which control authoritative road map for the future of the automotive diligence ; wholly newly car on the european market mustiness be zero-emission vehicle from 2035. [ seventeen ] The government of twenty-four develop nation and angstrom group of major car manufacturer include gram, ford, Volvo, BYD car, jaguar land wanderer and Mercedes-Benz commit to “ solve towards all sale of new car and van be zero emission globally by 2040, and by no later than 2035 in leading market ”. [ eighteen ] [ nineteen ] major car manufacture state like the unite state, germany, taiwan, japan and south korea, a well arsenic Volkswagen, toyota, Peugeot, Honda, nisan and Hyundai, do not pledge. [ twenty ]

environmental impact [edit ]

The global automotive industry constitute vitamin a major consumer of water. some estimate excel 180,000 fifty ( 39,000 imp gal ) of water per cable car manufacture, depend on whether tire production be admit. production action that use angstrom significant volume of water include surface treatment, paint, coat, wash, cool, air-cool, and boiler, not count part manufacture. Paintshop operation consume specially big sum of water because equipment run on water-based intersection must besides be clean with water. [ twenty-one ] in 2022, tesla ‘s Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg run into legal challenge ascribable to drought and decrease groundwater flush in the region. brandenburg ‘s economy minister Joerg Steinbach allege that while water provision constitute sufficient during the first stage, more would cost want once tesla elaborate the locate. The factory would about double the water system pulmonary tuberculosis indium the Gruenheide area, with 1.4 million cubic meter be contracted from local authority per class — enough for ampere city of about 40,000 people. Steinbach suppose that the government would like to drill for more water there and outsource any extra supply if necessary. [ twenty-two ]

earth motor fomite production [edit ]

[23] world drive fomite product

production volume ( thousand fomite )
1960s : Post-war increase 1970s : oil crisis and tight base hit and emission regulation 1990s : production start inch NICs. 2000s : rise of china a adenine top manufacturer
Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010To 1950: US had produced more than 80% of motor vehicles.[24]
: uracil have produce more than eighty % of motor fomite. 1950s : unite kingdom, germany, and france restart production. 1960s : japan start production and increase volume through the eighties. connect state of matter, japan, germany, france, and the unite kingdom produce about eighty % of centrifugal vehicle through the eighties. 1990s : south korea become a bulk producer. in 2004, korea become no. five pass france. 2000s : china increase information technology production drastically, and become the earth ‘s largest-producing country in 2009. 2010s : india overtake korea, canada, spain to become fifth large automobile producer. 2013 : The share of china ( 25.4 % ), india, korea, brazil, and mexico blush wine to forty-three %, while the share of unite state ( 12.7 % ), japan, germany, france, and unite kingdom descend to thirty-four % .
2018: India overtakes Germany to become 4th largest automobile producer. : india overwhelm germany to become fourth big automobile manufacturer . world motor production ( 1997-2016 )

aside year [edit ]

Year Production Change Source
1997 54,434,000 [25]
1998 52,987,000 Decrease 2.7% [25]
1999 56,258,892 Increase 6.2% [26]
2000 58,374,162 Increase 3.8% [27]
2001 56,304,925 Decrease 3.5% [28]
2002 58,994,318 Increase 4.8% [29]
2003 60,663,225 Increase 2.8% [30]
2004 64,496,220 Increase 6.3% [31]
2005 66,482,439 Increase 3.1% [32]
2006 69,222,975 Increase 4.1% [33]
2007 73,266,061 Increase 5.8% [34]
2008 70,520,493 Decrease 3.7% [35]
2009 61,791,868 Decrease 12.4% [36]
2010 77,857,705 Increase 26.0% [37]
2011 79,989,155 Increase 3.1% [38]
2012 84,141,209 Increase 5.3% [39]
2013 87,300,115 Increase 3.7% [40]
2014 89,747,430 Increase 2.6% [41]
2015 90,086,346 Increase 0.4% [42]
2016 94,976,569 Increase 4.5% [43]
2017 97,302,534 Increase 2.36% [44]
2018 95,634,593 Decrease 1.71% [45]
2019 91,786,861 Decrease 5.2% [46]
2020 77,621,582 Decrease 16% [47]
2021 80,145,988 Increase 3.25% [48]
2022 85,016,728 Increase 6.08% [49]

[ fifty ]
share of export car aside nation ( 2014 ) from harvard atlas of economic complexity global automobile import and export inch 2011

by country [edit ]

The OICA count over fifty country that assemble, fabricate, operating room circulate car. Of those, alone fifteen country ( boldfaced inch the tilt downstairs ) presently possess the capability to invention original production car from the grate improving. [ fifty-one ] [ fifty-two ]

Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries (2021)
Country Motor vehicle production (units)
China

26,082,220

United States

9,167,214

Japan

7,846,955

India

4,399,112

South Korea

3,462,404

Germany †

3,308,692

Mexico

3,145,653

Brazil

2,248,253

Spain

2,098,133

Thailand

1,685,705

Russia

1,566,317

France †

1,351,308

Turkey

1,276,140

Indonesia

1,121,967

Canada

1,115,002

Czech Republic

1,111,432

Slovakia

1,000,000

United Kingdom

932,488

Iran

894,298

Italy

795,856

† = car and LCV only “ production statistics ”. OICA .

by manufacturer [edit ]

These be the fifteen big manufacturer by production bulk indium 2017, according to OICA. [ fifty ]

luminary company relationship [edit ]

bet on hold [edit ]

information technology be common for car manufacturer to hold stake indiana other automobile manufacturer. These ownership can be explore under the detail for the person party. noteworthy current relationship admit : [ citation needed ]

joint venture [edit ]

china joint guess [edit ]

outside china [edit ]

visualize besides [edit ]

note [edit ]

^a These figure constitute ahead the fusion of both decree Chrysler car and Groupe prostate specific antigen ; the latter of which receive incorporate into Stellantis equally of january 2021 .

address [edit ]

further reading [edit ]

  • Ajitha, P. V., and Ankita Nagra. “An Overview of Artificial Intelligence in Automobile Industry–A Case Study on Tesla Cars.” Solid State Technology 64.2 (2021): 503–512. online
  • Banerjee, Preeta M., and Micaela Preskill. “The role of government in shifting firm innovation focus in the automobile industry” in Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Sustainability (Routledge, 2017) pp. 108–129.
  • Bohnsack, René, et al. “Driving the electric bandwagon: The dynamics of incumbents’ sustainable innovation.” Business Strategy and the Environment 29.2 (2020): 727–743 online.
  • Bungsche, Holger. “Regional economic integration and the automobile industry: automobile policies, division of labour, production network formation and market development in the EU and ASEAN.” International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management 18.4 (2018): 345–370.
  • Chen, Yuan, C-Y. Cynthia Lin Lawell, and Yunshi Wang. “The Chinese automobile industry and government policy.” Research in Transportation Economics 84 (2020): 100849. online
  • Clark, Kim B., et al. “Product development in the world auto industry.” Brookings Papers on economic activity 1987.3 (1987): 729–781. online
  • Guzik, Robert, Bolesław Domański, and Krzysztof Gwosdz. “Automotive industry dynamics in Central Europe.” in New Frontiers of the Automobile Industry (Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2020) pp. 377–397.
  • Imran, Muhammad, and Jawad Abbas. “The role of strategic orientation in export performance of China automobile industry.” in Handbook of Research on Managerial Practices and Disruptive Innovation in Asia (2020): 249–263.
  • Jetin, Bruno. “Who will control the electric vehicle market?” International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management 20.2 (2020): 156–177. online
  • Kawahara, Akira. The origin of competitive strength: fifty years of the auto industry in Japan and the US (Springer Science & Business Media, 2012).
  • Kuboniwa, Masaaki. “Present and future problems of developments of the Russian auto-industry.” RRC Working Paper Series 15 (2009): 1–12. online
  • Lee, Euna, and Jai S. Mah. “Industrial policy and the development of the electric vehicles industry: The case of Korea.” Journal of technology management & innovation 15.4 (2020): 71–80. online
  • Link, Stefan J. Forging Global Fordism: Nazi Germany, Soviet Russia, and the Contest over the Industrial Order (2020) excerpt; influential overview
  • Liu, Shiyong. “Competition and Valuation: A Case Study of Tesla Motors.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 692. No. 2. (IOP Publishing, 2021) online
  • Miglani, Smita. “The growth of the Indian automobile industry: Analysis of the roles of government policy and other enabling factors.” in Innovation, economic development, and intellectual property in India and China (Springer, Singapore, 2019) pp. 439–463.
  • Qin, Yujie, Yuqing Xiao, and Jiawei Yuan. “The Comprehensive Competitiveness of Tesla Based on Financial Analysis: A Case Study.” in 2021 International Conference on Financial Management and Economic Transition (FMET 2021). (Atlantis Press, 2021). online
  • Rawlinson, Michael, and Peter Wells. The new European automobile industry (Springer, 2016).
  • Rubenstein, James M. The changing US auto industry: a geographical analysis (Routledge, 2002).
  • Seo, Dae-Sung. “EV Energy Convergence Plan for Reshaping the European Automobile Industry According to the Green Deal Policy.” Journal of Convergence for Information Technology 11.6 (2021): 40–48. online
  • Shigeta, Naoya, and Seyed Ehsan Hosseini. “Sustainable Development of the Automobile Industry in the United States, Europe, and Japan with Special Focus on the Vehicles’ Power Sources.” Energies 14.1 (2021): 78+ online
  • Ueno, Hiroya, and Hiromichi Muto. “The automobile industry of Japan.” on Industry and Business in Japan (Routledge, 2017) pp. 139–190.
  • Verma, Shrey, Gaurav Dwivedi, and Puneet Verma. “Life cycle assessment of electric vehicles in comparison to combustion engine vehicles: A review.” Materials Today: Proceedings (2021) online.
  • Vošta, M. I. L. A. N., and A. L. E. Š. Kocourek. “Competitiveness of the European automobile industry in the global context.” Politics in Central Europe 13.1 (2017): 69–89. online
  • Zhu, Xiaoxi, et al. “Promoting new energy vehicles consumption: The effect of implementing carbon regulation on automobile industry in China.” Computers & Industrial Engineering 135 (2019): 211–226. online
  • Media related to Automotive industry at Wikimedia Commons
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